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4.3 Shared folders
With the “shared folders” feature of VirtualBox, you can access files of your host system from
within the guest system. This is similar how you would use network shares in Windows networks
– except that shared folders do not need require networking, only the Guest Additions. Shared
Folders are supported with Windows (2000 or newer), Linux and Solaris guests.
Shared folders must physically reside on the host and are then shared with the guest, which
uses a special file system driver in the Guest Addition to talk to the host. For Windows guests,
shared folders are implemented as a pseudo-network redirector; for Linux and Solaris guests,
the Guest Additions provide a virtual file system.
To share a host folder with a virtual machine in VirtualBox, you must specify the path of that
folder and choose for it a “share name” that the guest can use to access it. Hence, first create the
shared folder on the host; then, within the guest, connect to it.
There are several ways in which shared folders can be set up for a particular virtual machine:
• In the window of a running VM, you can select “Shared folders” from the “Devices” menu,
or click on the folder icon on the status bar in the bottom right corner.
• If a VM is not currently running, you can configure shared folders in each virtual machine’s
“Settings” dialog.
• From the command line, you can create shared folders using VBoxManage, as follows:
VBoxManage sharedfolder add "VM name" --name "sharename" --hostpath "C:\test"
See chapter 8.27, VBoxManage sharedfolder add/remove, page 126 for details.
There are two types of shares:
1. VM shares which are only available to the VM for which they have been defined;
2. transient VM shares, which can be added and removed at runtime and do not persist after
a VM has stopped; for these, add the --transient option to the above command line.
Shared folders have read/write access to the files at the host path by default. To restrict the
guest to have read-only access, create a read-only shared folder. This can either be achieved
using the GUI or by appending the parameter --readonly when creating the shared folder with
VBoxManage.
Starting with version 4.0, VirtualBox shared folders also support symbolic links (symlinks),
under the following conditions:
1. The host operating system must support symlinks (i.e. a Mac, Linux or Solaris host is
required).
2. Currently only Linux Guest Additions support symlinks.
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4 Guest Additions
4.3.1 Manual mounting
You can mount the shared folder from inside a VM the same way as you would mount an ordinary
network share:
• In a Windows guest, shared folders are browseable and therefore visible in Windows Ex-
plorer. So, to attach the host’s shared folder to your Windows guest, open Windows Ex-
plorer and look for it under “My Networking Places” -> “Entire Network” -> “VirtualBox
Shared Folders”. By right-clicking on a shared folder and selecting “Map network drive”
from the menu that pops up, you can assign a drive letter to that shared folder.
Alternatively, on the Windows command line, use the following:
net use x: \\vboxsvr\sharename
While vboxsvr is a fixed name (note that vboxsrv would also work), replace “x:“ with
the drive letter that you want to use for the share, and sharename with the share name
specified with VBoxManage.
• In a Linux guest, use the following command:
mount -t vboxsf [-o OPTIONS] sharename mountpoint
To mount a shared folder during boot, add the following entry to /etc/fstab:
sharename mountpoint vboxsf defaults 0 0
• In a Solaris guest, use the following command:
mount -F vboxfs [-o OPTIONS] sharename mountpoint
Replace sharename (use lowercase) with the share name specified with VBoxManage or the
GUI, and mountpoint with the path where you want the share to be mounted on the guest
(e.g. /mnt/share). The usual mount rules apply, that is, create this directory first if it does
not exist yet.
Here is an example of mounting the shared folder for the user “jack” on Solaris:
$ id
uid=5000(jack) gid=1(other)
$ mkdir /export/home/jack/mount
$ pfexec mount -F vboxfs -o uid=5000,gid=1 jackshare /export/home/jack/mount
$ cd ~/mount
$ ls
sharedfile1.mp3 sharedfile2.txt
$
Beyond the standard options supplied by the mount command, the following are available:
iocharset CHARSET
to set the character set used for I/O operations (utf8 by default) and
convertcp CHARSET
to specify the character set used for the shared folder name (utf8 by default).
The generic mount options (documented in the mount manual page) apply also. Espe-
cially useful are the options uid, gid and mode, as they allow access by normal users (in
read/write mode, depending on the settings) even if root has mounted the filesystem.
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